Indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweemoto?
Oku kusebenza kakuhle kwemoto kuchaphazeleka kwixabiso elincinci lelahleko, kubandakanya ukulahleka kokumelana, ukulahleka komatshini okubangelwa kukungqubana, ilahleko ebangelwa kukuchithwa kwamandla ombane kwisiseko, kunye nelahleko eyahlukileyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukwenza i-motor isebenze ngakumbi, kufuneka sinciphise ilahleko kwi-motor. Nazi ezinye iindlela okanye iingcebiso ezinokuthi zamkelwe ukuphucula i-coefficient esebenzayo yemoto.
- Umsebenzi wesakhelo semoto kukubonelela ngokhuseleko lomatshini kwii-windings. Ikwanoxanduva lojongano oluxhonywe yimilenze. Isakhelo semoto sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwayo kwe-thermal njengoko inoxanduva lokuhambisa ubushushu obuveliswa ngaphakathi kwimoto ukuya kumphezulu wesakhelo apho umoya ovuthelwa ngumlandeli uya kukhuthaza ukuchithwa kobushushu. Oku kuya kunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu.
- Elinye icebiso elisisiseko kukugcina umsantsa omncinci phakathi kwazo naziphi na iindonga ezikufutshane nomva wekhava yefeni ukuvumela ukungena komoya. Gcina indawo ejikeleze imoto icocekile kwaye ujonge rhoqo nakuphi na ukuvaleka komoya okunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokupholisa. Ke ngoko, okukhona kupholileyo injini ibaleka, kokukhona iya kuhlala ixesha elide.
- I-stator iyona nxalenye ephambili yemoto kwaye ibangela i-60% yelahleko, ngoko ukuze kuncitshiswe ezi lahleko, ubunzima be-stator winding kufuneka bugcinwe bukhulu ngenxa yokuba ukwanda kobunzima kunciphisa ukuchasana. Iimotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ziqulathe i-25% yobhedu olongezelelweyo xa kuthelekiswa neenjini ezilungiselelwe imifuziselo esemgangathweni.
- Ilahleko yeRotor ikwajongwa njengomthombo omncinci welahleko, ikakhulu ebangelwa yinqanaba lokutyibilika kwemiboniso yemoto. I-Slip ngokwenene umehluko phakathi kwesantya se-magnetic field (RPM) kunye ne-RPM yangempela ye-rotor kunye ne-shaft kumthwalo onikiweyo. Phakathi kwabo, isiliphu sifunyanwa ngokususa isantya semoto elayishiweyo kwisantya semoto elayishiweyo kwaye iyahlulahlule ngesantya semoto elayishiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuncitshiswe ezi lahleko, i-slip kufuneka incitshiswe, eyenziwa ngokunyusa i-conductivity ye-rotor. Ubhedu kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngobuninzi ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu. Kodwa ubhedu kufuneka luphoswe ngokufa ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yobhedu efileyo iye yaphuhliswa kutshanje.
- Ilahleko ezingundoqo zamagnetic zivela kwi-hysteresis, kwaye i-20% yelahleko iyonke ibangelwa yi-core eddy currents kunye ne-saturation. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokulawula umgangatho, ilahleko inokuncitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
- Ukuze kuncitshiswe imiphumo ye-hysteresis kunye ne-saturation, insimbi equkethe inani elincinci le-silicon iya kusetyenziselwa i-lamination endaweni ye-carbon steel steel. Ngale ndlela, ilahleko engundoqo inokupheliswa. Ngokunciphisa ubukhulu be-lamination kunye nokwandisa ubude be-lamination, ubuninzi be-flux kunye nelahleko engundoqo inokunciphisa.
- Ilahleko zangoku ze-Eddy zingancitshiswa kakhulu ngokuqinisekisa ukugquma okufanelekileyo phakathi kwamaphepha okanye i-laminates esetyenziswayo.
- Ikhefu lokuthambisa ngumsebenzi wofakelo lwemoto olulinganiswe ngesantya, ubungakanani bokuthwala, uhlobo lwegrisi kunye nokunyuka kobushushu. Ngoko ke, nceda uqaphele xa usebenzisa i-lubricant. Musa ukudibanisa iintlobo zegrisi, nokuba zisebenzisa izinto ezifanayo. Ukuba ezinye iigrisi zisetyenziswa kwisicelo, oku kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweemoto.
Indlela yokunciphisa ilahleko yemoto?
Ukususela ekuhanjisweni kwelahleko kweimotoiyahluka kunye nobukhulu bamandla kunye nenani lezibonda, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ilahleko, kufuneka sigxininise ekuthatheni amanyathelo amacandelo elahleko aphambili amagunya ahlukeneyo kunye nezibonda. Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ilahleko zichazwe ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukwandisa izinto ezisebenzayo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yomoya kunye nokulahleka kwentsimbi
Ngokomgaqo wokufana kweenjini, xa umthwalo we-electromagnetic uhlala ungatshintshi kwaye ilahleko yoomatshini ingaqwalaselwa, ilahleko yemoto iphantse ilingane netyhubhu yobungakanani bomgca wemoto, kwaye amandla okufaka imotor aphantse alingane nesine amandla obungakanani bomgca. Ukusuka koku, ubudlelwane phakathi kobuchule kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli okusebenzayo kunokuqikelelwa. Ukuze ufumane indawo enkulu phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobukhulu bofakelo ukwenzela ukuba kubekwe izinto ezisebenzayo ngakumbi ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kweemoto, ubukhulu bedayamitha yangaphandle ye-stator punching iba yinto ebalulekileyo. Kuluhlu lwesiseko somatshini ofanayo, iinjini zaseMelika zinemveliso enkulu kuneenjini zaseYurophu. Ukuququzelela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, iinjini zaseMelika zihlala zisebenzisa i-stator punching ezinobubanzi obukhulu bangaphandle, ngelixa ii-motor zaseYurophu zisebenzisa ngokubanzi i-stator punching kunye ne-diameter encinci yangaphandle ngenxa yesidingo sezinto eziphuma kwisakhiwo ezifana neemotor-proof-proof kunye nokunciphisa ubuninzi bobhedu olusetyenziswa ekupheleni kunye neendleko zemveliso.
- Sebenzisa izixhobo ezingcono zemagneti kunye nenkqubo yokunciphisa ilahleko yentsimbi
Iipropathi zemagneti (ukungena kwemagneti kunye nokulahleka kwentsimbi yeyunithi) yezinto eziphambili zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokunye ukusebenza kwemoto. Ngexesha elifanayo, ixabiso lezinto eziphambili ziyinxalenye ephambili yeendleko zemoto. Ke ngoko, ukhetho lwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zemagneti sisitshixo sokuyila kunye nokwenza iimotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kwiimoto ezinamandla amakhulu, ilahleko yentsimbi ibalelwa kwinani elikhulu lelahleko iyonke, ngoko ke ukunciphisa ixabiso leyunithi yelahleko yezinto eziphambili kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yentsimbi yemoto. Ngenxa yoyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwemoto, ilahleko yentsimbi ye-motor idlula kakhulu ixabiso elibalwe ngokwexabiso lelahleko yentsimbi ebonelelwa yintsimbi yentsimbi, ngoko ke ixabiso lelahleko yentsimbi linyuka ngokubanzi ngamaxesha angama-1.5 ~ 2 ngexesha lokuyila ukuqwalasela ukwanda kwelahleko yentsimbi.
Isizathu sokunyuka kwelahleko yentsimbi ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba iyunithi yelahleko yexabiso lentsimbi yokusila ifunyenwe ngokuvavanya isampula yezinto eziphathekayo ngokwendlela yesangqa se-Epstein yesikwere, kodwa izinto ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu emva kokubetha, ukucheba kunye ne-laminating, kwaye ilahleko iya kwanda; Ukongeza, i-gap yomoya ebangelwa ubukho be-slot yezinyo ikhokelela kwi-tooth harmonic field magnetic ebangela ukulahlekelwa ngumthwalo kwindawo engundoqo, eya kukhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu kwilahleko yentsimbi emva kokuba i-motor yenziwe. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kokukhetha izixhobo zamagnetic kunye neyunithi yokulahlekelwa kwentsimbi ephantsi, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukulawula uxinzelelo lwe-lamination kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko okunciphisa ilahleko yentsimbi. Ngokubhekiselele kwixabiso kunye nenkqubo yezinto, i-high-grade silicon sheet sheets kunye ne-silicon steel sheets encinci kune-0.5mm ayisetyenziswanga kakhulu ekuveliseni ii-motor eziphezulu. Amaphepha entsimbi ombane asezantsi-carbon silicon-free okanye aphantsi-silicon ebandayo-role i-silicon sheet sheet zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Abanye abavelisi beenjini ezincinci zaseYurophu baye basebenzisa i-silicon-free steel sheet sheets kunye neyunithi yokulahlekelwa kwexabiso lentsimbi ye-6.5w / kg. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintsimbi zentsimbi ziphehlelele i-Polycor420 iishiti zentsimbi zombane ezine-avareji yeyunithi yelahleko ye-4.0w/kg, ephantsi nangaphantsi kunezinye iishiti zetsimbi ezisezantsi-silicon. Izinto eziphathekayo nazo zinokugqithiswa kwemagneti ephezulu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iJapan iye yaphuhlisa i-silicon ephantsi-epholileyo yentsimbi enebanga le-50RMA350. Isixa esincinci se-aluminiyam kunye neentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zongezwa ekubunjweni kwayo, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe amandla aphezulu ombane ngelixa kuncitshiswa ilahleko. Ixabiso layo lokulahlekelwa kwentsimbi yeyunithi yi-3.12w / kg. Zonke ezi zinokuthi zibonelele ngesiseko esingcono sezinto zokuvelisa kunye nokukhuthazwa kweenjini eziphezulu.
- Ukunciphisa ubungakanani befeni ukunciphisa ilahleko yokuphuma komoya
Kumandla amakhulu i-2- kunye nee-4-pole motors, i-wind friction yenza umlinganiselo omkhulu. Umzekelo, ukungqubana komoya kwe-90kW 2-pole motor inokufikelela malunga ne-30% yelahleko iyonke. Umoya wokukhuhlana ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngamandla asetyenziswa yifeni. Kuba ilahleko yobushushu yeenjini ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu isezantsi, umthamo womoya wokupholisa unokuncitshiswa, kwaye ke amandla okungena komoya nawo anokwehliswa. Amandla okungena komoya aphantse alingane ne-4th ukuya kwi-5th amandla obubanzi befan. Ke ngoko, ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuvunyelwe, ukunciphisa ubungakanani befeni kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungqubana komoya. Ukongeza, uyilo olufanelekileyo lwesakhiwo sokungenisa umoya lukwabalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle komoya kunye nokunciphisa ukungqubana komoya. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ukukhuhlana komoya kwindawo ephezulu yamandla e-2-pali yemoto esebenza kakhulu inokucuthwa malunga ne-30% xa kuthelekiswa naleyo yemoto eqhelekileyo. Ekubeni ilahleko yokuphuphuma komoya iyancitshiswa ngumda omkhulu kwaye ayifuni iindleko ezongezelelweyo, ukutshintsha idizayini yefeni kudla ngokuba yenye yamanyathelo aphambili athatyathiweyo kule nxalenye yeenjini eziphezulu.
- Ukunciphisa ilahleko elahlekileyo ngokuyila kunye namanyathelo enkqubo
Iilahleko ezilahlekileyo zeenjini ze-asynchronous ikakhulu zilahleko eziphakamileyo eziveliswa yi-harmonics ye-high-order ye-magnetic field kwi-stator kunye ne-rotor cores kunye ne-windings. Ukunciphisa umthwalo olahlekileyo olahlekileyo, i-amplitude ye-harmonic yesigaba ngasinye ingancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa i-Y-Δ series-connected sinusoidal winding okanye enye i-harmonic winding ephantsi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ilahleko elahlekileyo. Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-sinusoidal winding kunokunciphisa ilahleko elahlekileyo ngaphezu kwe-30% ngokuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuphucula inkqubo yokulahla i-die-casting ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-rotor
Ngokulawula uxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye nomzila wokukhutshwa kwegesi ngexesha lokuphosa i-aluminium ye-rotor, igesi kwimivalo ye-rotor ingancitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula i-conductivity kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-aluminium ye-rotor. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iUnited States iye yaphuhlisa ngempumelelo izixhobo zobhedu zobhedu kunye neenkqubo ezihambelanayo, kwaye ngoku iqhuba imveliso yovavanyo oluncinci. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ukuba i-rotor yobhedu ithatha indawo ye-aluminium rotor, ilahleko ye-rotor ingancitshiswa malunga ne-38%.
- Faka isicelo soyilo lwekhompyuter ukunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle
Ukongeza kwizinto ezikhulayo, ukuphuculwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neenkqubo zokuphucula, uyilo lokulungiswa kwekhompyutheni lusetyenziselwa ukumisela ngokufanelekileyo iiparitha ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwemiqathango yeendleko kunye nokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukuphuculwa okuphezulu kunokwenzeka ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Ukusetyenziswa koyilo oluphuculweyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha loyilo lweemoto kunye nokuphucula umgangatho woyilo lweemoto.