Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto?
Lokhu kusebenza kahle kwemoto kuthinteka inani elincane lokulahlekelwa, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukumelana, ukulahlekelwa kwemishini okubangelwa ukungqubuzana, ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukuchithwa kwamandla kazibuthe emnyombweni, nokulahlekelwa okuhlukile kuye ngohlobo lwempahla esetshenzisiwe. Ukwenza injini isebenze kahle, kufanele sinciphise ukulahleka kwemoto. Nazi ezinye izindlela noma amathiphu angathathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-motor.
- Umsebenzi we-motor frame ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa komshini kuma-windings. Iphinde inesibopho se-interface efakwe imilenze. Uhlaka lwenjini ludlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwalo okushisayo njengoba lunomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwemoto phezulu kohlaka lapho umoya ophephethwa ifeni uzokhuthaza ukunqanyulwa kokushisa. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa.
- Elinye ithiphu eliyisisekelo ukugcina igebe elincane phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izindonga eduze nengemuva lekhava yabalandeli ukuze uvumele ukungena komoya. Gcina indawo ezungeze injini ihlanzekile futhi uhlole njalo noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa komoya okungase kwehlise ukusebenza kwesistimu yokupholisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-motor isebenza ngokupholile, izohlala isikhathi eside.
- I-stator iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-motor futhi ibangela u-60% wokulahlekelwa, ngakho-ke ukuze unciphise lokhu kulahlekelwa, ubukhulu be-stator winding kufanele bugcinwe bukhulu ngoba ukwanda kwesisindo kunciphisa ukumelana. Amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu aqukethe u-25% wethusi owengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini eziklanyelwe amamodeli asebenza kahle.
- Ukulahleka kwe-rotor nakho kubhekwa njengomthombo omncane wokulahlekelwa, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa izinga lokushelela kwemibukiso yezimoto. Ukushelela empeleni umehluko phakathi kwejubane lensimu kazibuthe (RPM) kanye ne-RPM yangempela ye-rotor ne-shaft emthwalweni onikeziwe. Phakathi kwazo, ukushelela kutholakala ngokukhipha ijubane lemoto elayishiwe ejubaneni lemoto elayishiwe bese liyihlukanisa ngesivinini semoto elayishiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kulahlekelwa, isiliphu kufanele sincishiswe, okwenziwa ngokwandisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-rotor. I-Copper kumele isetshenziswe ngobuningi ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo ephezulu. Kodwa ithusi kufanele liphonswe phansi ngoba inqubo yethusi efayo iye yasungulwa muva nje.
- Ukulahlekelwa kukazibuthe okuyinhloko kutholakala ku-hysteresis, futhi u-20% wokulahlekelwa okuphelele kubangelwa ama-core eddy currents nokugcwala. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukulahlekelwa kungancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle.
- Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela ye-hysteresis ne-saturation, insimbi equkethe inani elincane le-silicon izosetshenziselwa i-lamination esikhundleni se-carbon steel eshibhile. Ngale ndlela, ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko kungaqedwa. Ngokunciphisa ukushuba kwe-lamination nokwandisa ubude be-lamination, ukuminyana kwe-flux nokulahlekelwa okuyinhloko kungancishiswa.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy kungancishiswa ngezinga elikhulu ngokuqinisekisa ukwahlukanisa okufanele phakathi kwamashidi noma ama-laminate asetshenzisiwe.
- Isikhathi sokuthambisa siwumsebenzi wejubane elilinganiselwe lokufakwa kwemoto, usayizi wokuthwala, uhlobo lwamafutha kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, sicela uqaphele lapho usebenzisa okokugcoba. Ungahlanganisi izinhlobo zamafutha, ngisho noma zisebenzisa izakhi ezifanayo. Uma kusetshenziswa amanye ama-grease kuhlelo lokusebenza, lokhu kuzothinta ngqo ukusebenza kwemoto.
Indlela yokunciphisa ukulahleka kwezimoto?
Kusukela ukulahlekelwa ukusatshalaliswa kweimotoiyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bamandla kanye nenani lezigxobo, ukuze sinciphise ukulahlekelwa, kufanele sigxile ekuthatheni izinyathelo zezingxenye eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa kwamandla ahlukene nezigxobo. Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa zichazwe kafushane kanje:
- Khulisa izinto ezisebenzayo, unciphise ukulahleka kokusonta kanye nokulahleka kwensimbi
Ngokomgomo wokufana wamamotho, lapho umthwalo we-electromagnetic uhlala ungashintshiwe futhi ukulahleka kwemishini kungacatshangwa, ukulahleka kwemoto kucishe kulingane nekhiyubhu yosayizi womugqa wemoto, futhi amandla okufaka emoto acishe alingane namandla wesine wosayizi womugqa. Kusukela kulokhu, ubudlelwano phakathi kokusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwempahla kungalinganiselwa. Ukuze uthole indawo enkudlwana ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zosayizi wokufaka ukuze kubekwe izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto, ubukhulu bobubanzi obungaphandle bokushaywa kwe-stator buba yinto ebalulekile. Ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanayo lesisekelo somshini, amamotho aseMelika anomphumela omkhulu kunamamotho aseYurophu. Ukuze kube lula ukunqanyulwa kokushisa nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, amamotho aseMelika ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-stator punching anamadayamitha amakhulu angaphandle, kuyilapho ama-motor aseYurophu ngokuvamile esebenzisa ama-stator punching anobubanzi obuncane bangaphandle ngenxa yesidingo sokuphuma kwesakhiwo njengamamotho angaqhumi kanye nokunciphisa inani lethusi elisetshenziswa ekugcineni kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza.
- Sebenzisa izinto ezingcono kazibuthe futhi ucubungule izinyathelo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwensimbi
Izakhiwo kazibuthe (ukungena kazibuthe kanye nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi yeyunithi) yezinto eziyinhloko zinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nokunye ukusebenza kwemoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zezinto eziyinhloko ziyingxenye eyinhloko yezindleko zemoto. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kazibuthe kuyisihluthulelo sokuklama nokukhiqiza ama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu. Kumamotho anamandla amakhulu, ukulahleka kwensimbi kubala ingxenye enkulu yokulahleka okuphelele, ngakho-ke ukwehlisa inani lokulahleka kweyunithi lezinto eziyisisekelo kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwensimbi yemoto. Ngenxa yokuklama nokukhiqizwa kwenjini, ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi yenjini kudlula kakhulu inani elibalwe ngokwenani leyunithi yokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ehlinzekwa umshini wensimbi, ngakho-ke inani lokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ngokuvamile likhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-1.5 ~ 2 ngesikhathi sokuklama ukucabangela ukwanda kokulahlekelwa kwensimbi.
Isizathu sokwanda kokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi inani lensimbi yokulahlekelwa kweyunithi yesigayo sensimbi litholakala ngokuhlola isampula yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-strip ngokwendlela ye-Epstein square circle, kodwa impahla ibhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngemva kokubhoboza, ukugunda kanye ne-laminating, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzokwanda; ngaphezu kwalokho, igebe lomoya elibangelwa ukuba khona kwe-slot yezinyo liholela ku-tooth harmonic field magnetic ebangela ukulahlekelwa komthwalo endaweni eyinhloko, okuzoholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwemoto. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokukhetha izinto zamagnetic ezinokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ephansi, kuyadingeka futhi ukulawula ukucindezela kwe-lamination futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zenqubo yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi. Uma kubhekwa amanani kanye nezici zenqubo, amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon esezingeni eliphezulu namashidi ensimbi ye-silicon azacile kuno-0.5mm awasetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amashidi ensimbi kagesi angenakhabhoni ephansi ye-silicon noma amashidi ensimbi e-silicon ebandayo egoqwe nge-silicon. Abanye abakhiqizi bamamotho amancane aseYurophu basebenzise amashidi ensimbi kagesi angenayo i-silicon enenani lokulahlekelwa kwensimbi engu-6.5w/kg. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izigayo zensimbi zethule amashidi ensimbi kagesi e-Polycor420 anokulahlekelwa kweyunithi okuyisilinganiso okungu-4.0w/kg, okuphansi nakakhulu kunamanye amashidi ensimbi ane-silicon ephansi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo futhi zinokungena kazibuthe okuphezulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Japan iye yakha ishidi lensimbi eligoqelwe nge-silicon ephansi elinezinga le-50RMA350. Inani elincane le-aluminium nezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane zengezwa ekwakhiweni kwayo, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe amandla kazibuthe aphezulu kuyilapho kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa. Iyunithi yayo yokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ingu-3.12w/kg. Konke lokhu kungenzeka kunikeze isisekelo esingcono sezinto ezibonakalayo sokukhiqizwa nokukhuthazwa kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Yehlisa usayizi wefeni ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa komoya
Emamothoni amakhulu angu-2 no-4-pole, ukungqubuzana komoya kubangela ingxenye enkulu. Isibonelo, ukungqubuzana komoya kwenjini engu-90kW 2-pole motor kungafinyelela cishe ku-30% wengqikithi yokulahlekelwa. Ukungqubuzana komoya ikakhulukazi kwakhiwe amandla asetshenziswa ifeni. Njengoba ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile kuphansi, umthamo womoya opholile ungancishiswa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela amandla okungenisa umoya nawo angancishiswa. Amandla okungenisa umoya acishe alingane namandla we-4 kuya ku-5 wobubanzi befeni. Ngakho-ke, uma ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuvunyelwe, ukunciphisa usayizi wefeni kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana komoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklama okunengqondo kwesakhiwo sokungenisa umoya nakho kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha umoya kanye nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana komoya. Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi ukungqubuzana komoya kwengxenye ye-2-pole enamandla amakhulu yenjini esebenza kahle kakhulu kungancishiswa cishe ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo yenjini evamile. Njengoba ukulahlekelwa komoya kuncipha ngomkhawulo omkhulu futhi akudingi izindleko ezengeziwe, ukushintsha umklamo wabalandeli ngokuvamile kungenye yezinyathelo eziyinhloko ezithathwe kule ngxenye yama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Nciphisa ukulahlekelwa okunhlanhlathayo ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuklama nezinqubo
Ukulahlekelwa okunhlanhlathayo kwamamotho asynchronous ngokuyinhloko ukulahlekelwa kwemvamisa ephezulu okukhiqizwa ama-harmonics ahleleke kakhulu wenkundla kazibuthe ku-stator kanye nama-rotor cores nama-windings. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka komthwalo, i-amplitude ye-harmonic yesigaba ngasinye ingancishiswa ngokusebenzisa i-Y-Δ exhunywe uchungechunge lwe-sinusoidal winding noma enye i-harmonic winding ephansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okulahlekile. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamajika e-sinusoidal kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa okulahlekile ngaphezu kuka-30% ngokwesilinganiso.
- Thuthukisa inqubo ye-die-casting ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-rotor
Ngokulawula ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa kanye nendlela yokukhipha igesi ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwe-aluminium rotor, igesi emigoqweni ye-rotor ingancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuqhutshwa kwe-conductivity futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwe-aluminium ye-rotor. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-United States ithuthukise ngempumelelo imishini yokuphonsa i-copper rotor kanye nezinqubo ezihambisanayo, futhi njengamanje yenza ukukhiqizwa kwesivivinyo esincane. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi uma i-rotor yethusi ithatha indawo ye-aluminium rotor, ukulahlekelwa kwe-rotor kungancishiswa cishe ngama-38%.
- Sebenzisa idizayini yokuthuthukisa ikhompuyutha ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle
Ngokungeziwe ekwandiseni izinto zokwakha, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinqubo ezithuthukisayo, idizayini yokwenza kahle ikhompuyutha isetshenziselwa ukunquma ngokunengqondo amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yezindleko nokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu okungenzeka ekusebenzeni kahle. Ukusetshenziswa komklamo olungiselelwe kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuklama kwezimoto futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomklamo wemoto.