Nzira yekuvandudza sei kushanda kwemotokari?
Uku kushanda kwemota kunokanganisa nekurasikirwa kudiki, kusanganisa kurasikirwa kwekupokana, kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekukweshana, kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekuparara kwesimba remagineti mukati, uye kurasikirwa kwakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu zvakashandiswa. Kuita kuti mota ishande zvakanyanya, isu tinofanirwa kudzikisa kurasikirwa mumotokari. Hedzino dzimwe nzira kana matipi anogona kutorwa kuti avandudze kugona kweiyo mota.
- Basa reiyo mota furemu ndeyekupa mechanical kuchengetedza kune windings. Izvo zvakare zvine chekuita neiyo interface yakaiswa nemakumbo. Iyo mota furemu inoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwayo kwekupisa sezvo iine basa rekufambisa kupisa kunogadzirwa mukati memota kuenda pamusoro peiyo furemu uko mweya unopeperetswa nefeni unosimudzira kupisa kupisa. Izvi zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwekupisa.
- Imwe matipi akakosha ndeyekuchengetedza diki gap pakati pechero madziro padyo nekuseri kwevhavha ye fan kuti ubvumire kupinza kwemhepo. Chengetedza nzvimbo yakatenderedza mota yakachena uye gara uchitarisa chero mhepo inovharika iyo inogona kuderedza kushanda kweinotonhora system. Naizvozvo, iyo inotonhorera iyo mota inomhanya, iyo inogara kwenguva refu.
- Iyo stator ndiyo chikamu chikuru chemotokari uye inokonzera 60% yekurasikirwa, saka kuti uderedze kurasikirwa uku, kuwanda kwe stator winding inofanira kuchengetwa yakakura nokuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu kunoderedza kushorwa. Mota dzemhando yepamusoro dzine 25% yemhangura yakawedzerwa kana ichienzaniswa nemotor dzakagadzirirwa mamodhi akajairika.
- Kurasikirwa kwerotor kunoonekwawo sediki sosi yekurasikirwa, zvakanyanya kukonzerwa nedhigirii rekutsvedza kwemamota anoratidza. Slip ndiyo mutsauko uripo pakati pekumhanya kweiyo magineti (RPM) uye iyo chaiyo RPM ye rotor uye shaft pamutoro wakapihwa. Pakati pavo, kutsvedza kunowanikwa nekubvisa kumhanya kwemota yakatakurwa kubva pakumhanya kwemota isina kutakurwa uye nekuipatsanura nekumhanya kwemota yakatakurwa. Nokudaro, kuitira kuderedza kurasikirwa uku, slip inofanira kuderedzwa, iyo inoitwa nekuwedzera conductivity ye rotor. Mhangura inofanira kushandiswa muhuwandu hukuru nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo. Asi mhangura inofanira kufa-yakandwa nekuti nzira yekukanda mhangura inofa yakagadziriswa nguva pfupi yadarika.
- Core magineti kurasikirwa kunobva ku hysteresis, uye 20% yekurasikirwa kwese kunokonzerwa neiyo core eddy currents uye saturation. Nekushandisa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro uye kutonga kwemhando, kurasikirwa kunogona kuderedzwa, nekudaro kuvandudza kugona.
- Kuti uderedze mhedzisiro ye hysteresis uye saturation, simbi ine shoma shoma yesilicon ichashandiswa pakunamira pane yakaderera-mutengo kabhoni simbi. Nenzira iyi, kurasikirwa kukuru kunogona kubviswa. Nekudzikisa kukora kwelamination uye kuwedzera kureba kwelamination, iyo flux density uye kurasikirwa kwepakati kunogona kudzikiswa.
- Eddy yazvino kurasikirwa inogona kudzikiswa kusvika pamwero wakakura nekuona kuvharirwa kwakakodzera pakati pemashizha kana laminates anoshandiswa.
- Iyo nguva yekuzora ibasa reiyo mota yekumisikidza yakayerwa kumhanya, kubereka saizi, rudzi rwegirisi uye kukwira kwekushisa. Naizvozvo, ndapota chenjera kana uchishandisa mafuta ekuzora. Usasanganise marudzi egirisi, kunyangwe akashandisa zvinhu zvakafanana. Kana mamwe magirisi akashandiswa mukushandisa, izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuita kwemota.
Nzira yekuderedza kurasikirwa kwemotokari?
Kubva pakurasikirwa kwekugoverwa kwemotainosiyana nehukuru hwesimba uye nhamba yematanda, kuitira kuti tideredze kurasikirwa, tinofanira kuisa pfungwa pakutora matanho ekurasikirwa kukuru kwezvikamu zvemasimba akasiyana nematanda. Dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa kurasikirwa dzinotsanangurwa muchidimbu sezvizvi:
- Wedzera zvinhu zvinobudirira, kuderedza kupera kwemhepo uye kurasikirwa kwesimbi
Zvinoenderana neyakafanana musimboti wemotor, kana iyo electromagnetic mutoro ukaramba usina kuchinjika uye kurasikirwa kwemechini kusingatariswe, kurasikirwa kwemota kunenge kwakaenzana necube yehukuru hwemutsara wemota, uye simba rekuisa remota rinenge rakaenzana nechina simba reiyo mutsara saizi. Kubva pane izvi, hukama huri pakati pekuita uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinobudirira kunogona kuenzaniswa. Kuti uwane nzvimbo yakakura pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekuisa saizi kuitira kuti zvimwe zvinobudirira zvigone kuiswa kuti uvandudze kushanda kwemota, saizi yekunze yedhayamita ye stator punching inova chinhu chakakosha. Mukati meiyo yakafanana muchina base renji, maAmerican motors ane yakakura kuburitsa kupfuura eEuropean motors. Kuti ifambise kupisa kupisa uye kuderedza kukwira kwekushisa, mota dzeAmerica dzinowanzoshandisa stator punching ane madhayamita akakura ekunze, nepo mota dzeEuropean dzinowanzo shandisa stator punching ine madhayamita madiki ekunze nekuda kwekudiwa kwezvakaumbwa senge mota dzinoputika uye kuderedza huwandu hwemhangura inoshandiswa pakupera kwemhepo uye mutengo wekugadzira.
- Shandisa zviri nani magineti uye maitiro matanho ekudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimbi
Iyo magineti zvivakwa (magnetic permeability uye unit iron kurasikirwa) yepakati zvinhu zvine pesvedzero huru pakubudirira uye kumwe kuita kwemota. Panguva imwecheteyo, mari yezvinhu zvakakosha ndiyo chikamu chikuru chemutengo wemota. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa kweakakodzera magineti zvinhu ndiyo kiyi yekugadzira uye kugadzira yakakwirira-inoshanda mota. Mune ma-high-power motors, kurasikirwa kwesimbi kunokonzeresa chikamu chakakura chekurasikirwa kwakazara, saka kudzikisa kukosha kwekurasikirwa kwechikamu cheiyo yakakosha zvinhu kuchabatsira kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimbi kwemota. Nekuda kwekugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwemota, kurasikirwa kwesimbi kwemota kunopfuura zvakanyanya kukosha kwakaverengerwa maererano neyuniti iron kurasikirwa kukosha kwakapihwa nesimbi chigayo, saka iyo unit iron kurasikirwa kukosha kunowanzo wedzera ne1.5 ~ 2 nguva panguva yekugadzira kufunga nezvekuwedzera kwekurasikirwa kwesimbi.
Chikonzero chekuwedzera kwekurasikirwa kwesimbi kunonyanya nekuti iyo unit iron kurasikirwa kukosha kwesimbi yeguyo inowanikwa nekuyedza strip zvinhu sampu zvinoenderana neEpstein square denderedzwa nzira, asi zvinhu zvinoiswa pasi pekunetseka kukuru mushure mekurova, kuveura uye laminating, uye kurasikirwa kuchawedzera; uyezve, iyo gap yemhepo inokonzerwa nekuvapo kwezino slot inotungamira kune zino harmonic magnetic field inokonzera pasina-kuremerwa kurasikirwa pamusoro pepakati pepamusoro, izvo zvinozoita kuti kuwedzera kukuru kwekurasikirwa kwesimbi mushure mekugadzirwa kwemotokari. Naizvozvo, mukuwedzera pakusarudza magineti ane yakaderera unit iron kurasikirwa, zvinodikanwa zvakare kudzora kudzvanywa kwelamination uye kutora matanho anodiwa ekudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimbi. Tichitarisa mutengo uye maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu, yakakwirira-giredhi silicon simbi mashiti uye silicon simbi mapepa akatetepa kupfuura 0.5mm haashandiswe zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro-soro mota. Yakaderera-kabhoni silicon-isina magetsi simbi mashiti kana yakaderera-silicon inotonhora-yakakungurutswa silicon simbi mapepa anowanzo shandiswa. Vamwe vanogadzira mota diki dzeEurope vakashandisa silicon-isina magetsi simbi masheets ane unit iron kurasikirwa kukosha kwe6.5w/kg. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvigayo zvesimbi zvakatangisa Polycor420 yemagetsi simbi mapepa ane avhareji yekurasikirwa kwechikamu che4.0w/kg, iyo yakatodzika kupfuura mamwe akaderera-silicon simbi mapepa. Izvo zvinhu zvakare zvine yakakwirira magineti permeability.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Japan yakagadzira yakaderera-silicon inotonhora-yakakungurutswa simbi sheet ine giredhi re50RMA350. Huwandu hudiki hwealuminium uye isingawanzo simbi yepasi inowedzerwa pakuumbwa kwayo, nekudaro ichichengetedza yakakwira magineti permeability uku ichideredza kurasikirwa. Iyo unit iron kurasikirwa kukosha ndeye 3.12w/kg. Zvese izvi zvinogona kupa zvirinani zvinhu hwaro hwekugadzira uye kukwidziridzwa kwemamota-anoshanda.
- Deredza saizi yefeni kuti uderedze kurasikirwa kwemhepo
Kune mahombe emagetsi 2- uye 4-pole mota, kukwenya kwemhepo kunoverengera chikamu chikuru. Semuenzaniso, kukwesha kwemhepo kwe90kW 2-pole mota inogona kusvika pa30% yekurasikirwa kwese. Kukwesha kwemhepo kunonyanya kuumbwa nesimba rinoshandiswa nefeni. Sezvo kurasikirwa kwekupisa kwemamota-anoshanda zvakanyanya kunowanzo kuderera, mhepo inotonhorera inogona kudzikiswa, uye nekudaro simba remhepo rinogona kudzikiswa. Iro simba rekufemesa rinenge rakaenzana nechina kusvika ku5th simba reiyo fan dhayamita. Naizvozvo, kana tembiricha ichikwira ichibvumidzwa, kuderedza saizi ye fan kunogona kunyatso kudzikisa kukweshera kwemhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini inonzwisisika yechimiro chekufemesa yakakoshawo pakuvandudza kufefetera zvakanaka uye kuderedza kukweshera kwemhepo. Miedzo yakaratidza kuti kukweshera kwemhepo kweyepamusoro-simba 2-pole chikamu chepamusoro-inoshanda mota inogona kudzikiswa ne30% kana ichienzaniswa neiyo mota yakajairika. Sezvo kurasikirwa kwemhepo kunoderedzwa nemuchero wakakura uye hakudi yakawedzera mari yekuwedzera, kushandura dhizaini yefeni kazhinji ndeimwe yematanho makuru anotorwa kune ichi chikamu chepamusoro-inoshanda mota.
- Deredza kurasikirwa kwakarasika kuburikidza nekugadzira uye maitiro ekugadzirisa
Kurasika kwakarasika kwemaasynchronous motors kunonyanya kurasikirwa kwepamusoro-frequency kunokonzerwa nepamusoro-order harmonics yemagnetic field mune stator uye rotor cores uye windings. Kuti uderedze kurasikirwa kwemutoro, iyo amplitude yechikamu chimwe nechimwe harmonic inogona kuderedzwa nekushandisa Y-Δ series-yakabatana sinusoidal winding kana imwe yakaderera harmonic winding, nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwakarasika. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe sinusoidal winding kunogona kuderedza kurasika kurasikirwa neinopfuura 30% paavhareji.
- Kuvandudza maitiro ekufa-kukanda kuderedza kurasikirwa kwe rotor
Nekudzora kudzvanywa, tembiricha uye gasi rekuburitsa nzira panguva yekukanda rotor aluminium, iyo gasi mumarotor bars inogona kuderedzwa, nekudaro ichivandudza conductivity uye kuderedza rotor aluminium kurasikirwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, United States yakabudirira kugadzira copper rotor die-casting equipment uye inofambirana nemaitiro, uye parizvino iri kuita diki-scale trial production. Kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kana rotor yemhangura inotsiva aluminium rotor, kurasikirwa kwerotor kunogona kuderedzwa neanenge 38%.
- Isa komputa optimization dhizaini kuderedza kurasikirwa uye kunatsiridza kugona
Pamusoro pekuwedzera zvinhu, kuvandudza zvivakwa zvezvinhu uye kuvandudza maitiro, komputa optimization dhizaini inoshandiswa kuona zvine mutsindo maparamita akasiyana-siyana pasi pezvipingamupinyi zvemutengo uye kuita, nekudaro kuwana yakanyanya kunaka kuvandudza mukubudirira. Iko kushandiswa kweyakagadziridzwa dhizaini kunogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzira mota uye kugadzirisa mhando yekugadzira mota.